Double-acting internal-combustion engine



Feb. 10; 1931.

o. PETERSEN DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 3, 1928 amen/ram ser) 2% 2 W4 7 W eyw w M m a/h Patented Feb. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES- OVE PETERSEN, OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK DOUBLE-ACTING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed October 3, 1928, Serial No.

The invention relates to improvementsin vertical double-acting internal combustion engines, two-stroke as well as four-stroke cycle engines. The invention has for its object the production of an engine, in which the inner parts and more especially the piston and piston rings are as easily accessible for inspection, cleaning and repair as possible, without the construction thereby becoming ineflicacious in other respects. Thus the various parts forming the engine-such as the cylinder, cylinder covers, frame and the likemust not be more heavily dimensioned than strictly necessary, but they should however, be capable of withstanding the stresses they are exposed to, more especially resulting from the influence of weight, pressure of the gases and changes in temperature. Any stresses due to pressure of the gases and weight of the various parts should be transmitted in as direct a manner as possible to the base plate of the engine, while the stresses arising from changes in temperature and different heating n, of the various parts of the machine should preferably be avoided. The present invention aims at the production of a design capable of meeting the above-mentioned demands. The invention is illustrated in the drawing which shows Various different-constructional forms. f

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of a portion of a multiple-cylinder four-stroke cycle engine.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View of a modification of the engine shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a two-stroke cycle engine showinga modifica tion of the invention. V

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional View showing a modification of the invention shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view. of a fur- 'ther modification of the invention shown in Fig. 3. I 5 Referring now to Fig. 1 the constructional form shown hereshows the cylinder consisting in the main of two cylinder covers a and a kept together by means of four throughgoingbolts b and spaced correctlyapartby means of two distance pieces a so that the cylinder construction forms a rigid unit.

ends of the cylinder.

310,062, and in Denmark October 14, 1927.

parts 6 to'the foundation or bed which is not shown in the drawing. The upper or top cover is provided with vertical openings or aperturesfor valves and is shaped at its end adjacent to the cylinder as a cup '1, the lower edge of which is provided with a flange (Z to which the cylinder liner 9 is secured by means of bolts, the saidliner being otherwise suspended freely. The cooling jacket 7 is secured to the flat bottom face of the cylinder cover a by means of bolts, and abutting the cylinder cover is a .fiange 'n. The jacket f is at its lower end provided with an inner cylindrical face adapted to fit a corresponding machined cylindrical face on the outer side of the liner 9 along a. vertical tightening joint p. Suitable packing rings are inserted in the joint ya, so that a water space for the circulation of the engine cooling water is formed between the acket f and the liner 9. The bottom cover a may be provided with one or more combustion chambers, for instance in the shape of pockets not shown in the drawing, to which chambers the required number of valves serve to admit combustion air, air for starting, fuel oil, and to expel combustion products. The inner cup-shaped part 1, and flange d of the cylinder cover a as well as the mounting of the cylinder liner 9, and of the cooling jacket f with its tightening joint p and flange n exactly correspond to what has been described with regard to the top. cover. The piston is formed as a doubleacting piston h, serving for both 7; is the piston rod. The two parts of the cylinder liner are arranged in guided relationship to each other, the upper part 9 having its external diameter reduced at its lower end, this reduced portion fitting into a correspondingly widened portion of the lower part 9 The vertical cylindrical joint or groove thus formed is made useof to procure tightness e; by meansof a suitable packing or stufiing box arrangement. The fiat annul ar faces produced by reducing theouter diameter of the'upper part and by widening the internal diameter of the lower part do not contact with each other, but are spaced apart a suitable distance allowed for the heat expansion. This allows for the two parts of the cylinder liner being centred in mutual relation and at the same time stresses due to heat expansion are avoided. In constructional form illustrated in Fig. 2 the application of separate distance pieces are omitted and the cylinder liner 5 {/1 serves for distance piece. The various references correspond to those used in .Fig. l. The two parts and {/1 of the liner are arranged, similarly to Fig. 1, in centred relationship by the upper part 9 being provided with a cylindrical projection or the like fitting into a groove in the lower part In this case the expansion due to heat is taken up by the bolts 7) which act like springs. The constructiorml form illustrated in Fig. 3 is more especially intended to be used in twostroke cycle engines. The various references correspond to those used in Figs. 1 and 2. In this constructional form the admission of air and the exhaust takes place through scavenging ports u and exhaust ports 6 respectively, which ports may be arranged in any suitable manner in the cylinder. The fuel valve and, if desired, also the starting valve n or the like are preferably mounted in the upper cover. Near the central portion of the cylinder the cooling jackets f and f are widened in such a manner as to make room for annular belt spaces 10, c12 and 71, v serving to convey fresh air and exhaust gases respectively. The fresh air is admitted through a pipe connection y, from which the fresh air is distributed to the scavenging belt spaces w, of the upper and lower part respectively and from these spaces the air is admitted into the cylinder through the scavenging ports a in the cylinder liner. In the constructional form shown the two parts of the cylinder liner each has a set of ports, those belonging to the upper part only being shown in the drawing. The combustion products flow through the exhaust port t to the belt spaces 1) and 0 which converge into a pipe connection as at the side of the cylinder opposite to the pipe connection 2 As indicated in the drawing the pipe connection :22 leading to the exhaust pipe is water-cooled. The cooling jackets f and f join the parts 9 and 9 of the cylinder liner along two cylindrical tightening joints, one above the other, 39 and respectively. The two parts of the liner are guided in relation to each other in a way similar to that shown in Fig. l, and expansion slots are provided between them. The upper and lower parts are spaced apar y m n of h d stance ie e-. a. Th cylinder covers may be bolted together along abutting vertical faces by means of horizontal bolts. In Fig. 3 the-cylinder liners g and g are-shown cast in one with the corresponding covers. This method of connecting liner and cover may as a matter of course also be employed in the other constructional forms shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the constructional form illustrated in Fig. 4 which likewise is more especially intended for use in two-stroke cycles engines, the cylinder is provided with a single set of scavenging and exhaust ports u and 25 respectively serving both ends of the cylinder. In this constructional form the expansion slot 0 is arranged above the apertures t, u, so that the scavenging and exhaust belt spaces c and w, are only provided in the lower part 7", of the cooling jacket. This design permits of the upper portion of the cylinder (cover and cooling jacket) being removed without it being necessary to detach the pipe connections for scavenging air and exhaust gases. In the constructional form illustrated in Fig. 5 only a single set of apertures in the liner is provided, common to both ends of the cylinder and similar to the construction shown in Fig. 4, but according to Fig. 5 the said apertures or ports, 6 and u are situated in a separate part m inserted between the upper part 9 and the lower part 9 this intermediary part m being provided with belt spaces '0 and w and pipe connections 03 and 1 in a way corresponding to that indicated in Figs. 3 and 4. In all the constructional forms illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, the great advantage is to be found that the piston as a whole is fully accessible for inspection when the upper portion of the cylinder construction, consisting of the upper cylinder cover and the upper parts of the cylinder liner and the cooling jacket, is removed after the nuts on the top end of the clamping bolts 5 have been unscrewed. The invention as above described and set forth is not bound to any particular arrangement of injection, scavenging, or the like, or to any special process of combustion, and, as mentioned above, the invention may be employed with equal results in both twostroke and four-stroke cycle and in engines Working with any other cycle. Similarly the invention is not limited to comprise only the constructions shown in the drawing with regard to the manner of placing and the positions of valves and apertures leading to the inner hollow space of the cylinder, Also the cylinder covers, liners, cooling jackets and the likeunits may be shaped in accordance with any known or particularly adapted arrangements of apertures or ports, valves,

u t o c amb r i jecting nozz e and the like.

I claim:

1- I a ertical, d ublet -s ing i ern com usti n engin Cy inder er d ided into upper and lower parts, an upper cover and a' e er co er pro id d t flanges, o

"r ponding ang s on fihe'liner p rt securing means passing through said flanges directly clamping each liner part and the corresponding cover together, and additional securing means connecting the covers and acting to clamp the cylinder liner parts together.

2. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the provision of means securing the upper and lower covers in their respective places in relation to each other, said means including distance pieces inserted between the covers whereby the covers are directly clamped against them forming a slot between the upper and lower parts of the cylinder liner for permitting the parts to freely expand under the influence of heat.

3. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower covers are secured in proper relation to each other by the upper part and lower part of the cylinder liner, the latter parts serving in themselves as distance pieces.

4. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the free ends of the two parts of the cylinder liner are shaped with cylindrical grooves complementary to each other by which the two parts are mutually guided.

5. An engine as claimed in claim 1, charac terized by the provision of a cooling jacket divided into upper and lower parts fastened directly to the upper and lower covers, respectively, the free ends of the jacket fitting the cylinder liner and enclosing the same along a cylindrical tightening joint.

6. In a vertical, double-acting internal combustion engine, a cylinder liner divided into upper and lower parts, upper and lower terminal members provided with flanges, corresponding flanges on the liner parts, securing means passing through the flanges directly clamping each cylinder part and the corresponding terminal member, and additional securing means connecting the terminal members and acting to clamp the cylinder liner parts together.

7. In a vertical, double-acting internal combustion engine, a cylinder liner divided into upper and lower parts, upper and lower terminal members abutting and secured to the upper and lower liner parts, respectively, and securing means connecting the terminal members and clamping the cylinder liner parts together.

8. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the provision of a cooling jacket divided into upper and lower parts fastened directly to the upper and lower covers, respectively, the free ends of the'jacket fitting the cylinder liner and enclosing the same along a tightening joint.

9. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the provision of a cooling jacket divided into upper and lower parts fastened directly to the upper and lower covers, re spectively, the free ends of the jacket fitting the cylinder liner and enclosing the same along a tightening joint having soft packings.

10. An engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the provision of a cooling jacket divided into upper and lower parts fastened directly to the upper and lower covers, respectively, the free ends of the jacket fitting the cylinder liner and enclosing the same along a tightening joint having tightening rings.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

OVE PETERSEN. 

